Optimisation and Analysis of Laser Cutting Parameters for AISI 304 Stainless Steel: Enhancing Cut Quality and Surface Roughness

This study seeks to determine the ideal parameters for laser cutting to improve kerf measurements and surface finish in AISI 304 stainless steel. The CO2 laser cutting machine (AMADA FO-3015NT) had its key process parameters, such as laser power, cutting speed, assist gas pressure, and focal position. The effects of these parameters were examined on kerf width, kerf taper, and surface roughness for different material thicknesses of 1.5mm, 2mm, and 2.5mm, respectively. The analysis was performed to establish an ideal cutting method by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The kerf width, taper, and surface roughness were significantly influenced by laser power and cutting speed, as indicated by the results obtained. Increased laser power augmented the kerf width and surface roughness, while elevated cutting speed diminished both kerf width and roughness. The optimal kerf efficiency and superior taper geometry were achieved with a laser power of 3 kW, a cutting speed of 4500 mm/min, and a gas pressure of 0.8 MPa. Major findings: The Kerf width and taper were often reduced for curved profiles as compared to straight profiles, while surface finish quality improved with higher cutting speed and optimal gas pressure. This study envisages a comprehensive investigation of the influence of laser cutting parameters on the cuts produced in AISI 304 stainless steel that assists producers in optimising cut quality for industrial applications.