Integrating the Roles of Educational Forms to Enhance the Values of Citizenship and Identity and Achieve Social Cohesion - A Prospective Study in Light of the Reality in Syria

The problem of the study arises from the state of social disintegration in several Arab countries, including Syria, as a result of the failure to nurture youth on the principles of citizenship. The study aimed to shed light on the relationship between values of citizenship, identity, and social cohesion. It also aimed to investigate the reality of applying values of identity and citizenship in the three forms of education: formal, informal, and non-formal. A new classification of educational forms that develop the values of citizenship, identity, and social cohesion in generations was presented. The study sought to explore the roles of each form individually and socially from the perspective of educational specialists in developing citizenship and identity values among learners. Additionally, the study utilized survey results to present a comprehensive future vision for integrating values of identity and citizenship within the three educational systems through an integrative curriculum. The descriptive approach was employed in this study using two methods (document analysis and interviews), and qualitative statistical analysis, rather than quantitative, was used to capture the reality and determine the requirements for the integrative curriculum. A predictive model has been developed to incorporate the values of identity and citizenship in order to achieve social cohesion through an integrative approach that utilizes the three educational systems in curriculum activities. The model has been presented in two forms: an expanded form (enriched with practical examples of activities), and a reduced form that illustrates the integration. The model was subjected to evaluation by a sample of specialists and experts to ensure its legitimacy. The study provided practical suggestions for applying the integrative model in the plan to modify the current curricula, and for adopting the model at the National Center for Curriculum Development for designing citizenship education activities, as well as adopting the model in educational college programs and teacher training institutes.