Systematic review highlights challenges and types of ecological restoration in China, suggesting improvements in governance.
Ecological restoration is a critical mechanism for repairing ecosystem functions, addressing environmental degradation, and achieving sustainable development. An examination of China's current policies and laws on ecological restoration reveals three main types: government‐led engineering restoration based on national environmental obligations, liability‐driven remedial ecological restoration, and community‐based autonomous ecological restoration through collective action. These regimes have distinct normative structures and varying levels of efficacy in ecological restoration. Currently, these regimes face challenges related to uneven levels of legal development and insufficient coordination among them. Codifying ecological restoration under the Ecological Environment Code presents a promising pathway for harmonizing disparate legal norms and enhancing systemic governance.
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Du et al. (2025) studied this question.
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