Influence of a magnetic field on the flow in a U-bend

Liquid metal flow through a circular pipe forming a U-bend is investigated numerically for a constant Reynolds number when a uniform magnetic field is imposed. The influence of the intensity of the applied magnetic field on the flow pattern, pressure and electric current distribution is studied via 3D numerical simulations. It is found that when the magnetic field is weak, a spiral motion develops that is fed mainly by the fluid moving in the boundary regions. By increasing the magnetic field, the stronger electromagnetic forces weaken the vortical flow and significantly affect flow features leading to the formation of an internal field-aligned fluid layer tangent to the inner side of the bend. This layer carries then most of the flow. Figs 6, Refs 9.