Modeling the free-surface magnetohydrodynamics of thick liquid metal walls for fusion

Renaissance Fusion proposes thick liquid metal walls as plasma-facing components for future commercial fusion reactors. It designs and operates proof-of-concept experiments aiming at actively suspending and stabilizing a flowing free-surface liquid metal layer against gravity using Lorentz forces. The first operating prototype consists of a 1-m-diameter chamber in the presence of a magnetic field of the order of 0.3T. A GaInSn flow is injected into the chamber, and it is actively suspended due to the injection of currents up to 3kA. To simulate the prototype, a numerical tool capable of modeling magnetohydrodynamics phenomena in two-phase flows has been developed to reproduce and interpret the experimental results. The tool considers the low-magnetic Reynolds assumption, implements the Volume-of-Fluid method for tracking the free-surface, and couples the electric potential in both fluid and solid domains. Tables 2, Figs 5, Refs 14.