Research Progress on Exploring Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Based on Proteomics Technology

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) refers to neonatal brain damage caused by various factors during the perinatal period that lead to hypoxia and reduced cerebral blood flow [1]. Globally, 0.2% to 2.26% of newborns develop HIE, with approximately 20% resulting in neonatal death and about 25% of survivors suffering from neurological impairment [2]. Currently, there is a lack of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for HIE, posing significant challenges to reducing HIE mortality and neurological abnormalities [3]. The development of high-throughput proteomics technology based on mass spectrometry (MS) has significantly enhanced the potential to discover biomarkers in biological fluids such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and urine [4]. Proteomics technology has become an engine for exploring novel markers of HIE [5]. This article systematically reviews the progress of proteomics technology in the study of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HIE, elucidating its potential application value.