What type of study is this?

This is a Network meta-analysis study (also classified as: RCT).

September 10, 2025Open Access

Network meta-analysis of tuina or acupuncture in combination with adjunctive therapy for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy

Key Points

Acupuncture with warm needle therapy significantly improves clinical response rates in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.
A total of 90 studies involving 8,612 participants were included in this analysis, showing various efficacy levels of treatments.
Network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was used to compare tuina and acupuncture with adjunctive therapies for effectiveness.
The results highlight the need for more multicenter, large-sample randomized controlled trials for better clarity.

Abstract

Background Tuina and acupuncture therapy have been widely applied in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). This network meta-analysis (NMA) was carried out to compare the effects of tuina or acupuncture in combination with adjunctive therapy on the physical signs, symptoms, and clinical outcomes of patients with CSR. Method Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data, and China Biology Medicine (CBM), up to June 15, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tuina, acupuncture, or their combination with conventional Western medical adjunctive therapies were selected. Literature quality was assessed using the ROB2 tool, and statistical analyses were conducted using Stata SE15 and R 4.3.1. Results 90 studies involving 8,612 participants were included. Compared to acupuncture alone, acupuncture + warm needle acupuncture (RR: 17.97; 95% CrI 1.98, 563.78), acupuncture + cupping (RR: 15.84; 95% CrI 1.48, 538.41), tuina + auricular acupuncture and conventional therapy (RR: 12.83; 95%CrI 1.31, 170.78), acupuncture + moxibustion (RR: 8.55; 95% CrI 2.17, 40.28), and acupuncture + warm needle acupuncture (RR: 8.62; 95% CrI 1.78, 50.25) significantly improved the clinical response rate, with acupuncture + warm needle acupuncture exhibiting the best effect (SUCRA: 85.9%). Tuina (SUCRA: 75%) ranked highest in improving the cervical function of patients. Electroacupuncture + moxibustion and conventional therapy (SUCRA: 97%) was most effective in relieving pain. None of these therapies effectively improved patient physical signs. Conclusion Needling + warm needle acupuncture, warm needle acupuncture + auricular acupuncture, and warm needle acupuncture + conventional therapy may better alleviate symptoms in patients with CSR. However, more well-designed multicenter, large-sample RCTs are needed to further analyze the findings from this study. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42023443945 , CRD42023443945.

Network meta-analysis of tuina or acupuncture in combination with adjunctive therapy for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy

Key Points

Abstract

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