Association between anxiety-depression status and psychological resilience in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A risk factor analysis

BACKGROUND Parkinson’s disease (PD) is commonly accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, which can significantly impair patients’ cognitive function, social engagement, and quality of life. Psychological resilience has been identified as a critical factor influencing the severity of these emotional disturbances. AIM To explore the relationship between anxiety-depression status and psychological resilience in patients with PD and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS A total of 188 consecutive patients with PD treated at our institution between January 2023 and December 2024 were enrolled. Anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression scale (GDS), and psychological resilience was evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among these variables. Furthermore, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics-including gender, age, disease duration, disease severity, comorbidity burden, marital status, gross monthly household income, and educational attainment-were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression to identify the factors influencing psychological resilience. RESULTS The mean BAI score was 22.05 ± 10.52 (indicative of moderate anxiety), the mean GDS score was 15.81 ± 5.49 (mild depression), and the mean CD-RISC score was 51.03 ± 9.32 (moderate resilience). Correlational analysis revealed an inverse relationship between psychological resilience and both anxiety and depression scores, whereas anxiety and depression were positively correlated. Univariate analysis identified disease duration, disease severity, comorbidity burden, gross monthly household income, educational attainment, BAI scores, and GDS scores as variables significantly associated with psychological resilience. Multivariate regression analysis showed that advanced disease stage, a high comorbidity burden, lower gross monthly household income, lower educational attainment, and elevated anxiety and depression scores were independent predictors of reduced psychological resilience. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients with PD and the presence of moderate psychological resilience. Patients with advanced disease stages, multiple comorbidities, lower socioeconomic status, limited education, and higher anxiety and depression scores are particularly vulnerable to diminished psychological resilience.