The formation of yields of spring barley varieties depending on the agrotechnical methods of cultivation in the Republic of Tatarstan

The study is devoted to assessing the effect of mineral fertilizers and a moisture sorbent on the yield of spring barley varieties (Raushan, Kamashevsky, Tevkech) in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments (2022-2024) were conducted on gray forest soils with agrochemical parameters: 3.6% humus, mobile phosphorus 256-270 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium 121-125 mg/kg, pH 6.2. Studied dose of NPK (control, N₅P₅K₃₇, N₃₇P₆₀K₇₃) and the hydrogel Aquasim (0.50 kg/ha). The results showed that the combination of high doses of fertilizers (NP₆₀k₇₃) with a moisture sorbent (50 kg/ha) provided the maximum yield: 4.29 t/ha for Raushan, 4.05 t/ha for Kamashevsky and 4.45 t/ha for Tevkech, which is 31%, 23% and 21% higher than the control, respectively. The use of only a moisture sorbent without fertilizers increased yields by 3-4%, confirming the need for an integrated approach. Fertilizers have reduced the coefficient of water consumption (from 624 to 505 m3/t at Raushan), increasing the efficiency of water use. In the dry years (2023), fertilizer options showed lower yield fluctuations, emphasizing their role in stabilizing production. The protein content in the grain increased with the addition of N₃₇P₆₀K₇₃ with a moisture sorbent, reaching 13.5% in Kanashevsky. The data obtained confirm the expediency of using high doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with a moisture sorbent to increase the productivity and stability of spring barley in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan.