Eragrostis ferruginea-Inspired Capacitive Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Broad Range for Multidimensional Applications

Flexible capacitive pressure sensors hold great promise for next-generation intelligent systems, including secure human–machine interfaces, industrial IoT, and wearable healthcare. However, their performance is fundamentally constrained by the trade-off between sensitivity and sensing range in complex, multidimensional environments. Here, inspired by the natural architecture of Eragrostis ferruginea, this work presents a bioinspired pressure sensor featuring a double-layer V-shaped architecture using carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane (CNTs/PDMS) composites. A dual-level cascaded stress modulation strategy is induced within the dielectric layer to simultaneously enhance sensitivity and broaden the sensing range. Finite element analysis simulation reveals that the hierarchical design effectively redistributes mechanical stress, optimizing the capacitive response under varied pressures. The fabricated sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 2.889 kPa–1, a broad detection range up to 210 kPa, a fast response time of 30 ms, and excellent durability over 10 000 cycles at 80 kPa. Application scenarios, including dual-layer data encryption, non-destructive fruit ripeness classification, and plantar pressure mapping, demonstrate the sensor's versatility and multifunctional integration capabilities. This work provides a scalable material and structural design strategy for advanced flexible electronics with enhanced sensing performance across diverse interactive platforms.