What type of study is this?

This is a Cross-sectional study.

Lifestyle and Psychological Factors Associated With Depression in College Students in Hokkaido, Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study

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Cross-sectional study identifies key factors influencing depression in college students, suggesting implications for mental health efforts.

Almost 50% of college students showed symptoms of depression, highlighting a significant mental health concern during the pandemic.
Students who engaged in regular exercise and part-time jobs had notably lower depression scores, emphasizing the importance of lifestyle factors.
Logistic regression revealed that higher WHO-5 and FCV-19S scores were significantly associated with lower depression levels among participants.
These findings underscore the potential benefits of part-time work in reducing isolation and mitigating depression risk during prolonged pandemic conditions.

Mizumoto et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Cross-sectional study identifies key factors influencing depression in college students, suggesting implications for mental health efforts.