Enhanced Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm, and Anticancer Activities of Liposome-Encapsulated Selenium Nanoparticles: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

This study investigates the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and their encapsulation in liposomes as a novel drug delivery system to enhance the antibacterial and anticancer properties of SeNPs. Liposomes are well-known for their ability to improve the biological activity of encapsulated drugs, making them a promising candidate for targeted therapies, particularly in oral cancer treatment. Biosynthesised SeNPs were incorporated into liposomes via the thin-film hydration technique. Particle size and zeta potential were quantified by dynamic light scattering (DLS), whereas encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined spectrophotometrically (UV-Vis). The physicochemical properties of the liposome-loaded SeNPs were characterized, revealing an average size of 270 nm, spherical morphology, and an encapsulation efficiency of 50.5%. The release profile of SeNPs from the liposomes demonstrated a controlled release of 61% over 64 hours, while free SeNPs released 100% of their content during the same period. The antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of both free and liposome-loaded SeNPs were tested against standard pathogenic bacterial strains, with the liposome formulation showing enhanced efficacy. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that liposome-loaded SeNPs exhibited significantly higher cytotoxic effects on oral cells compared to free SeNPs, indicating improved therapeutic potential. The study demonstrates that liposome-loaded SeNPs are an effective and biocompatible drug delivery system with notable antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anticancer properties, making them a promising candidate for targeted drug delivery in oral cancer therapy.