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Proactive control declines while reactive control is preserved across the adult lifespan.

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Younger adults show robust proactive control, while older adults exhibit declines, marking a shift in cognitive strategies across the lifespan.
The Stroop task revealed that proactive control is absent in older adults and diminishes in middle-aged groups, indicating a unique age-related pattern.
Reactive control mechanisms remain unaffected by age, highlighting the complexity and specificity of cognitive functions as people age.
The study's large sample size (N = 327) provides strong evidence for the dual mechanisms of control framework across the adult lifespan.

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This research examines proactive and reactive control in younger, middle-aged, and older adults, suggesting significant age-related complexities.

Ileri-Tayar et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This research examines proactive and reactive control in younger, middle-aged, and older adults, suggesting significant age-related complexities.