Hypochlorous Acid in Cattle Production: A Review of Applications, Efficacy, and Future Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a stabilized form of electrolyzed water, has gained attention as a potent, broad- spectrum antimicrobial agent across human and veterinary medicine. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the potential use of HOCl-based products in cattle production systems, with a particular focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and biofilm-disrupting properties of HOCl offer opportunities for improving cattle health, productivity, and biosecurity, while minimizing chemical residues and environmental impact. Documented benefits include reduced pathogen load on infrastructure, improved wound healing, enhanced water and feed hygiene, and possible improvements in animal growth and carcass quality. Despite these advantages, evidence on the efficacy and safety of HOCl in African cattle systems remains limited, particularly under smallholder conditions. Key knowledge gaps include its effects on indigenous breeds, role in maintaining dry-season body condition, and influence on blood and milk metabolites. Additionally, there is a lack of farmer-centred research exploring perceptions, adoption barriers, and practical implementation in resource-limited settings. The review highlights research priorities, including the need for locally relevant clinical trials, safety assessments, cost-benefit analyses, and studies incorporating farmer perspectives. A multidisciplinary approach integrating veterinary science, microbiology, environmental health, and socioeconomics is recommended. Overall, HOCl represents a promising, environmentally sustainable tool for advancing livestock health and productivity, evidence- based validation within Sub-Saharan African contexts is essential prior to widespread application.