Analysis of health insurance schemes shows inadequate financial protection, highlighting implementation gaps in public healthcare.
Publicly funded health insurance schemes play a crucial role in financing healthcare in India, especially hospitalization for poor, vulnerable households. Using the 2022-23 Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, we analysed enrolment, utilization, and the schemes' effectiveness in reducing out-of-pocket and catastrophic health expenditures. While enrolment has increased over the years, effective financial protection remains inadequate. The evidence suggests the need to improve the implementation of these insurance schemes and strengthen the public healthcare delivery system to protect households from financial distress.
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Chaudhary et al. (2025) studied this question.
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