Purification of Immunoglobulin A Using Mesoporous Zirconia Particles Coated with Phosphate

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody in the human body and plays a critical role in defending against bacteria and viruses that invade through mucosal surfaces. Leveraging this property, recombinant IgA has been developed as a preventive drug for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, and tuberculosis. Recombinant IgA is typically purified using columns packed with protein-immobilized resins, such as jacalin, Protein L, or nanobody-based materials. However, these methods have several drawbacks, including high costs due to expensive resins and mobile phases, the need for multiple purification steps, and the potential leakage of immobilized proteins. To address these issues, the present study proposes an alternative IgA purification method using zirconia (ZrO2) particles. Purification was performed for three forms of IgA─monomeric, dimeric, and secretory component-bound IgA─using both batch adsorption and chromatography. All three forms were successfully purified with high purity. The method employs phosphate buffers at mildly acidic and neutral pH as the mobile phase, which helps preserve the structure of IgA. Because ZrO2 particles are both cost-effective and chemically and mechanically robust, the proposed method overcomes the limitations associated with conventional protein-immobilized resins in IgA purification.