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September 10, 2025Immune NetworkOpen Access

Enigmatic Roles of Complement Anaphylatoxin Signaling in Health and Disease

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This review examines how complement anaphylatoxins influence immune response and pathology, suggesting implications for treatment strategies.

C3a and C5a enhance immune cell recruitment and vascular tone, driving both host defense and disease pathology.
Overactivation of anaphylatoxins can lead to conditions like cytokine storm, contributing to severe diseases such as COVID-19.
Context-specific actions of complement anaphylatoxins can promote tissue damage in autoimmune and chronic diseases.
Therapeutic modulation of C3a and C5a signaling is essential for advancing precision medicine in various conditions, including cancer.

Shadid et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This review examines how complement anaphylatoxins influence immune response and pathology, suggesting implications for treatment strategies.