Modeling of electrically small medium-wave antennas

The fundamental technical requirements for receiving antennas in a medium-wave radio navigation system encompass two critical performance parameters: maintaining uniform frequency characteristics across the system's operational bandwidth and achieving an acceptable gain coefficient toward the horizon. However, these requirements present intrinsic engineering challenges and inherent trade-offs. For example, increasing the antenna gain requires increasing its dimensions. The antenna matching to provide resonance at the central frequency of the navigation system significantly increases the realized gain, and at the same time makes the amplitude and phase frequency response uneven. Consequently, the primary research objective is to develop an antenna configuration that strategically balances these competing performance requirements. In the context of practical implementation, the present study utilized a reference antenna height of 6 meters as a pragmatic engineering solution, representing a compromise between operational effectiveness and structural constraints.