The Impact of Overcrowded Classrooms on the School-Based Experience (SBE) of Student Teachers: Challenges and Strategies for Effective Teaching

Overcrowded classrooms pose significant obstacles for student teachers during their School-Based Experience (SBE), particularly at a selected university in the Eastern Cape. This study explores the challenges that student teachers face in managing overcrowded classrooms, delivering effective instruction, and fostering learner engagement. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and reflective journals from 20 purposively selected student teachers from a selected university in EC who participated in the SBE program in rural and urban schools. The findings revealed that overcrowded classrooms limit the ability to provide individualized attention, complicate classroom management, and impede the implementation of diverse teaching strategies. Additionally, the physical strain and emotional stress associated with overcrowding negatively affect the student teachers’ professional growth and confidence. To mitigate these challenges, this study recommends the integration of targeted training on the management of overcrowded classrooms into teacher preparation programs. Student teachers should be equipped with practical strategies, such as the use of peer-assisted learning, cooperative group activities, and technology, to enhance participation in large classrooms. Furthermore, partnerships between a selected university in EC and host schools should focus on creating more supportive environments by reducing classroom sizes where possible and offering mentorship programs for student teachers. Policy interventions aimed at improving teacher-to-learner ratios and resource allocation in schools are also essential. These recommendations are intended to enhance the quality of the SBE experience, ensuring that student teachers are well-prepared to thrive in diverse and challenging teaching environments.