The application of bifidobacteria strains in the practice of pediatricians and general practitioners of family medicine (literature review)

The human microbiome includes trillions of bacteria, many of them play essential roles in their owner's physiology. Аim - to systematize data on the effective use of bifidobacteria for various conditions in pediatric patients. The article discusses the mechanisms of formation of the natural intestinal microbiome from birth, which consists mainly of strains of bacteria that produce lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids. Mechanisms of the influence of microbiota on biological processes in the body are presented for attention. The article reviews modern probiotics - drugs that, according to the definition of the World Food Organization and the World Health Organization, contain live beneficial microorganisms that occur naturally in the intestines, remain viable throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and effectively maintain the balance of the intestinal microbiome when administered in sufficient quantities. The basis of probiotics is made up of homofermentative Lactobacteria, which produce only lactic acid, and heterofermentative Bifidobacteria, which belong to the class Actinobacteria (gram-positive bacteria), order Bifidobacteriales and family Bifidobacteriaceae, and which produce both lactic and acetic acid. Given their large numbers in the intestine, especially in young children, their symbiotic relationship with humans, and their contribution to the breakdown of breast milk oligosaccharides, the article reviews the pharmacological aspects of the use of bifidobacteria, which are considered ideal probiotics for infants. Conclusions. A unique complex with two strains of Bifidobacterium breve and innovative protection technology is the optimal choice for maintaining intestinal health in infants, preventing colic, improving digestion in the first months of life and during the introduction of complementary foods, as well as for restoring intestinal function in various pathological conditions. The author declare no conflict of interest.