Mental Mechanisms of Foreign Vocabulary Acquisition Within Innovative Educational Approaches — A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND The integration of cognitive approaches into traditional foreign language learning strategies is gaining importance in contemporary education. Considering cognitive aspects—such as memory, attention, and thinking—plays a critical role in shaping educational competencies and enhancing language acquisition. These elements are especially relevant in the context of increasing digitalization, globalization, and multiculturalism. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study presents a theoretical and analytical review of current research on cognitive aspects in foreign language learning. It focuses on identifying key cognitive processes involved in language acquisition and explores how modern educational technologies can support the development of related competencies. The analysis is grounded in cognitive psychology, pedagogical theory, and practical innovations in digital learning environments. RESULTS The findings demonstrate that incorporating cognitive strategies significantly enhances students’ motivation, engagement, and acquisition of foreign language skills. Cognitive processes such as perception, information processing, and knowledge transformation are central to effective language learning. Modern educational tools and technologies facilitate the development of individual cognitive traits, including memory, attention, and motivation. These tools contribute to the modeling of learner-centered educational activities and the development of universal competencies. It is also shown that aligning learning strategies with students’ cognitive profiles leads to better academic outcomes and more personalized learning experiences. CONCLUSION The study underscores the importance of integrating cognitive approaches into foreign language education to improve learning outcomes. Emphasizing cognitive traits and processes supports a more individualized, effective, and engaging learning experience. Educational technologies serve as key enablers in this process, offering tools to enhance memory, attention, and motivation. Future educational strategies should continue to prioritize cognitive dimensions in curriculum design and teaching practices to meet the demands of modern, globally connected learners.