Abstract Superhydrophobic porous materials are regarded as ideal substrates for constructing wearable sensors; however, their practical applications are often constrained by the fragile mechanical strength of the surface micro/nanostructures. Inspired by bioinspired architectures, this work proposes a design strategy that embeds a rigid metallic framework into a flexible cellulose network, thereby constructing a porous triboelectric material that simultaneously exhibits mechanical robustness and superhydrophobicity. The resulting material exhibits a porosity of 86.2% and a Young's modulus of 117 MPa, surpassing the mechanical robustness of previously reported superhydrophobic porous triboelectric materials. The wearable temperature sensor assembled from this material delivers stable output under extreme humidity, intense UV radiation, and high mechanical stress. By integrating wireless sensing and artificial intelligence technologies, the sensor achieves remote visual feedback with an enhanced temperature recognition accuracy of 98.4%. This work paves the way for the development of environmentally robust wearable sensing systems.
Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.