Histopathological Study of the Tissue following Early Pregnancy Failure at a Tertiary Care Center

Introduction: Early pregnancy failure accounts for approximately 10% of all recognized pregnancies. Histopathological evaluation of tissue following early pregnancy failure is critical to rule out gestational trophoblastic disease, which requires special attention. Despite its importance, the utility of routine histopathological examination remains debatable. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of histopathological analysis of tissue following early pregnancy failure and its diagnostic value. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from 1 April 2024 to 1 September 2024. The study included 62 women diagnosed with early pregnancy failure before 13 completed weeks of gestation, confirmed either clinically or by ultrasonography. Surgical evacuation was performed, and obtained tissue was sent for histopathological examination. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Binary data were expressed as n (%) and continuous data in the form of Mean±SD. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.87±6.49 years, with most 30 (48.38%) aged 21-30 years. Early pregnancy failure was most common between 6–9 weeks of gestation 29 (46.77%). Incomplete abortion was the most prevalent ultrasonographic diagnosis 38 (61.29%), followed by missed abortion (33.87%). Histopathological findings confirmed the presence of products of conception in 57 (91.93%) of cases, while 3.22% were diagnosed with partial molar pregnancy. Conclusions: The study highlights the significance of routine histopathological evaluation of tissue following early pregnancy failure.