Systematic review highlights AI's impact on epitope prediction for vaccines, indicating novel strategies for improvement.
Integrating AI into epitope prediction is transforming vaccine design by delivering unprecedented accuracy, speed, and efficiency. This review synthesizes recent breakthroughs particularly CNNs, transformers, and GNNs highlighting experimentally validated models like MUNIS and GraphBepi that reveal previously overlooked epitopes. By benchmarking AI tools against traditional methods, we identify structural data integration as pivotal, offering practical strategies to translate computational predictions into actionable experimental workflows for next-generation vaccines.
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Villanueva‐Flores et al. (2025) studied this question.
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