Challenges of conserving genetic resources of indigenous breeds in Serbia: Current situation and perspectives

Indigenous breeds of domestic animals represent a significant component of overall genetic diversity, with particular ecological, economic, and cultural importance for rural areas. In the territory of the Republic of Serbia, several indigenous breeds exist, shaped by a long-term process of adaptation to local conditions. However, many of these breeds are currently endangered due to rural depopulation, changes in production systems, and the economic unviability of traditional livestock farming. This paper analyzes the current status of indigenous breed populations in Serbia, as well as the potentials and challenges related to their conservation and revitalization. Special attention is given to the genetic, ecological, and socioeconomic aspects of conserving indigenous breeds, along with the measures being implemented for their protection. Through an analysis of available data and a conducted SWOT analysis, the paper highlights the weaknesses, threats, and opportunities associated with the conservation process. The results show that despite numerous challenges, there is a realistic potential for improvement through institutional support, education of the local population, and promotion of products derived from indigenous breeds. The conservation of indigenous breeds is a key component of sustainable agricultural development, cultural heritage preservation, and ecosystem protection, requiring proper valorization through adequate policies and active involvement of local communities in the conservation and improvement processes.