The impact of biodiversity on stability of agroecosystems: Practical aspects for farmers

The study aimed to investigate the impact of growing intercrops, such as clover, in sunflower crops on reducing weeds, improving soil properties and increasing the productivity of agroecosystems. The study presents an analysis of the impact of intercrops, in particular clover, on the ecological and agronomic indicators of agroecosystems in sunflower cultivation. The study was conducted in Central Ukraine in the Cherkasy region in 2023. The results of the study indicate that the use of intercrops is an effective means of natural weed control. Thanks to the clover vegetation cover, the number of weeds was significantly reduced, which minimised the need for herbicide application. This created favourable conditions for the growth of the main crop without significantly increasing costs. The study determined that intercrops have a positive effect on soil moisture levels, contributing to its preservation during the growing season. This effect was especially noticeable during periods of drought when vegetation covers reduced moisture evaporation. This resulted in improved soil fertility due to an increase in organic matter content. The organic residues of clover that remained after the end of the growing season increased the biological activity of the soil and improved its structure. This contributed to the development of soil microbiota, which ensures better absorption of nutrients. The use of intercrops also positively affected sunflower yields, creating favourable conditions for growth. Improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil has increased the efficiency of resource use, which has resulted in consistently high yields. The results obtained indicate that intercropping is a promising tool for increasing the sustainability of agroecosystems. They also reduce dependence on chemicals, improve soil health and increase the economic efficiency of agriculture