E. coli and the Normal Microbiota; Their Interaction and Role in Health and Disease

Human microbiota is a complex of microorganisms, which are bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoans, located on and in the human body and are essential for physiological homeostasis. For instance, gut microbiota hosts a large population of microorganisms that are manyfold the human cells and genes, influence host metabolism, immune response, and regulatory functions. Biota is involved in various critical activities that include nutrient breakdown, synthesis of vitamins and acting as a shield against infections. However, imbalances in microbial populations or dysbiosis have been linked to diseases such as IBD, Obesity, Diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Technological improvements have expanded knowledge concerning microbiota construction and utilization, giving the possibility of curing these processes. Interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and phage therapy are some of which are being sought to bring new balance to the microbial optimum. There is still some way to go, however, in getting these abilities to translate to clinical practice effectively, hence continued work has to be done on it. Microbiota holds a key for a fresh view on health and disease management and is being studied widely.