Magnetohydrodynamic ternary hybrid nanofluid slip flow over an exponentially shrinking sheet with heat generation and suction

Ternary hybrid nanofluids are known for their enhanced thermal and flow characteristics, making them invaluable for applications in advanced heat transfer systems. Recognizing the significance of modeling the dynamics of ternary hybrid nanofluids for practical applications, an analysis has been conducted on the magnetohydrodynamic slip flow over an exponentially shrinking sheet model. This study considers the effects of heat generation and suction, focusing on a hybrid nanofluid comprising copper, iron (II,III) oxide, and silicon dioxide mixed with a water-based fluid. The mathematical model is simplified using a similarity transformation, and two different solutions are obtained through a numerical solver called bvp4c in MATLAB. The investigation delves into the impact of different factors on significant physical quantities that are presented graphically. Response surface methodology (RSM) is also used to analyze the heat transfer optimization. The findings highlight that the maximum heat transfer rate can be achieved by utilizing a higher volume fraction of copper, iron (II,III) oxide, and also silicon dioxide when the sheet is shrunk. The model given in this study proves the ability of ternary hybrid nanofluid in enhancing the heat transfer rate with the inclusion of magnetohydrodynamic, suction, velocity and thermal slip, and heat generation effects.