Ophthalmological Complications During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Comprehensive Review

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a commonly performed procedure for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis and various sinonasal pathologies. While ESS offers significant benefits regarding improved sinonasal ventilation and reduced disease burden, it has risks. Ophthalmological complications during ESS are relatively rare but can have severe consequences. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ophthalmological complications associated with ESS, their pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, prevention strategies, and management options. Though rare, ophthalmological complications during endoscopic sinus surgery can lead to significant morbidity if not promptly recognized and managed. Surgeons should be aware of the potential risks and strive to minimize them through meticulous surgical technique, preoperative evaluation, and appropriate postoperative care. Continued research and technological advancements are essential to enhance patient safety further and optimize ESS outcomes.