Production of Composite Material From Renewable Biopolymer Raw Materials

At the present period of time polymer composite materials are created and used everywhere, which possess a list of characteristics necessary for a person (lightness, high strength, minimum creep at different temperatures), due to which they are used practically in all branches of production (aircraft construction, chemical engineering, construction industry, medicine, electronics, textile and food industry, agriculture, etc.). In the Russian Federation, the production of synthetic polymers used in polymer composite materials is growing every year. According to the data for 2022 their production is 6368.6 thousand tons per year, and in the Republic of Tatarstan 1521.6 thousand tons per year. In connection with the global deterioration of the environment, the issue of utilization of such composite materials arises because of long biodegradation, which causes irreparable damage to the environment (the natural habitat of animals is reduced, there is pollution of subsoil aquifers, air pollution with methane and carbon dioxide, which cause the greenhouse effect). The main solution to this problem may be the creation of biocomposites containing in their composition material of natural origin, such as starch, cellulose, lignin, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, industrial waste such as sunflower husk, straw, wheat, etc.). Work on obtaining such materials is now actively carried out all over the world. In the USA, kenaf, cotton, banana fibers are used as fillers, in China - bamboo, in India - jute, and in Brazil - sugar cane stalks. Russia is also actively searching for raw materials for biocomposites. The use of industrial hemp in Russia will give an impetus to the development of biodegradable composite materials, which will significantly reduce damage to the environment.