Antibiotic Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Domestic Water Tanks in Bida, Niger State, Nigeria

Most communities (rural and sub urban) in Nigeria get their water supply from untreatedsources like wells, streams, rivers and ponds that are mostly contaminated with pathogenicbacteria. This exposes people to gastroenteritis such as Typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhea andcholera. Antibiotic Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from domestic water tanks inBida town to some antibiotics was investigated. A total of forty (40) water samples werecollected from different domestic water tanks located in the four (4) cardinal points of Bidatown and subjected to physicochemical and bacteriological analysis. The bacterial isolatesidentified were further subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using Septrin, Streptomycin,Chloramphenicol, Sparfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Gentamycin,Perfloxacin and Tarivid. The temperature and pH of the water samples favored the growth ofEnterobacteriaceae. Conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygendemand (COD), Total suspended solid, Total dissolved solid, Calcium, Zinc, Magnesium, andNitrate of water samples were all above the WHO acceptable limit for drinking water. Theresult revealed that the total viable count of bacteria ranged from 1.0×104 cfu/ml to 9.9×104cfu/ml in Eyagi and Banyagi (west) and GRA (South) respectively. Bacteria species isolatedfrom the water samples included Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Enterobacter, Klebsiella,Pseudomonas, and Proteus. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli andSalmonella sp. with percentage frequency of 27.77% while the least isolated bacterium wasproteus sp (4.16%). The percentage susceptibility pattern of the bacteria was: E. coli (30%),Salmonella sp. (20%), Enterobacter sp. (10%), Klebsiella sp. (20%), Pseudomonas sp. (20%),while Proteus sp, was 100% resistant to all antibiotics. The result of this findings is anindication that water stored in domestic tanks in Bida town is contaminated with differentspecies of Enterobacteriaceae hence not safe for human consumption.