Simulation reveals stress distribution due to thermal shock in BaTiO3 PTC thermistors, indicating electric behavior under varying temperatures.
The coupled electric, thermal and elastic field simulation is described for a model of BaTiO 3 based PTC thermistor. The equivalent stress distribution is calculated to analyze the "thermal shock" generated by the transient temperature gradient. Since the thermal time variation is much slower than the electric or the elastic one the main loop of the simulation is the solution of the time-dependent Fourier's equation. In every time step the current density is calculated using the static current field equation with temperature-dependent electric conductivity. In any moment the stress distribution can be determined considering the uncoupled quasistatic thermoelasticity.
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Bíró et al. (1992) studied this question.
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