Advances in Pectinase Engineering for Food Bioprocessing: Novel Sources, Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies.

Pectinases are indispensable biocatalysts for pectin degradation in food and bioprocessing industries, yet natural enzymes often lack tailored functionalities for modern applications. While a previous review discussed pectinases in terms of production and application, this review particularly discusses an integrated framework for robust pectinases. This framework combines enzyme mining, protein engineering, and AI-assisted design to systematically discover, optimize, and customize pectinases. These synergistic strategies, in fact, have been widely explored in recent years to enable precise development of biocatalysts with enhanced industrial traits, moving beyond traditional single-approach-based enzyme improvement. Specifically, we discuss how cutting-edge methodologies, such as data-driven discovery and intelligent protein engineering, accelerate robust pectinase development, while emerging purification and bioprocessing techniques expand their applications in juice/wine production, textile bioscouring, and agricultural waste valorization. By unifying novel microbial sources, mechanistic insights, and engineering advances, these holistic approaches offer transformative potential for biocatalyst development, including pectinases. In this way, this review consolidates recent progress to guide next-generation pectinase development through combinatorial biotechnology, providing actionable insights for advancing sustainable industrial processes.