Study on the English Translation Techniques of Four-Character Idioms in Fortress Besieged from the Perspective of Toury’s Translation Norms Theory

This paper explores the English translation of four-character idioms in Fortress Besieged from the perspective of Toury’s translation norms theory. Focusing on the version by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao, it analyzes translation techniques under preliminary, initial, and operational norms, including addition, omission, structural adjustment, and cultural transformation. This study not only helps to deepen the understanding of Toury’s translation norms theory, but also provides a useful reference for the theory and practice of English translation of Chinese literary work.