The Threat of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism to Indonesia's National Security: A Strategic, Legal, and Technical Overview

The development of biotechnology in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 has opened up opportunities for the utilization of biological agents as non-conventional weapons. This research aims to analyze the potential threat of bioterrorism to Indonesia's national security, the classification of biological agents, as well as policy responses and national preparedness. The research methodology is qualitative-descriptive through literature studies from various primary and secondary sources. The study results show the high actual threat of bioterrorism due to the availability of biological agents, weak regulations, and inadequate response system readiness. This study recommends the drafting of the Bioterrorism Bill, increasing the capacity of Zeni Corps TNI AD and Brimob Polri especially Densus 88 & Gegana, and the readiness of national health infrastructure.