Distribution of the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) in a human-modified arid habitat

The loss of natural habitats has forced many species to search for food near areas of human settlement and activity. In this study, the occurrence of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was investigated in the years 2022–2024 across the urban and peri-urban areas of Tabuk City. Red foxes were detected at several sites in the studied areas. Although red fox activity was predominantly nocturnal, early diurnal activity was also observed. Open areas with small to medium piles of sand hills appear to be preferable areas for red foxes within the urban areas of Tabuk City. Distance to the nearest road did not have major influence on red fox detection, while the presence of stray dogs appeared to influence their activity. On different occasions, red foxes showed interest, confidence, and fearless behaviour by approaching people very closely.