Obstacles to BIM Adoption in Construction Production: A Study of Swedish Construction Contractors’ Experiences

Digitalization in the construction industry has transformed efficiency and coordination, with Building Information Modeling (BIM) emerging as a central enabling technology. However, despite its potential, BIM usage during the implementation phase of Swedish construction projects remains limited. Using the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, this study combines a systematic literature review with a quantitative survey of 220 professionals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, factor analysis, and ordinal logistic regression. The results show that technological and organizational barriers are present to a moderate extent, but they manifest as distinct and separate dimensions. In contrast, the most significant barriers to actual BIM adoption lie within the environmental domain. Specifically, the absence of clear external requirements, policies, and incentives is strongly and negatively associated with BIM implementation. The study concludes that although contractors demonstrate internal technical readiness, external systemic support is crucial for scaling up BIM in practice. These insights carry important implications for industry stakeholders and policymakers aiming to accelerate the digital transformation of the construction industry.