The electrophysical properties contrasts in sand-clay ground and GPR reflections

In sand-clay ground, the depth variations were established between lithological boundaries and the contrast of electromagnetic properties of the soil. As a result, GPR reflections diverge in depth from the lithological boundaries, complicating geological interpretation. The forward problem is solved using a model constructed from measured electromagnetic parameters. The modeling results made it possible to reasonably relate lithological boundaries to GPR reflections and to determine the cause of their depth variations. Consequently, the geological interpretation of GPR data is enhanced.