Specificity of sculpture as spatial art seen through the philosophical frameworks of Kant, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty

The paper considers the art of sculpture as an art of spatial action in the light of the philosophical insights of Kant, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty. Through a comparative analysis of their approaches to space and art, it is shown that sculpture does not only represent a shaped form in space, but actively participates in constituting the experience of space. Starting from Kant?s thesis on space as an a priori form of intuition, through Heidegger?s understanding of the work of art as the opening of a place, to Merleau- Ponty?s idea of space as a lived and physically structured horizon, the analysis suggests that the three-dimensionality of the sculpture corresponds to the existential structures of perception, which condition our experience of being in the world.