Ecological study explores the impact of influenza vaccination on mortality and hospitalization rates for cardiovascular events in Brazil, suggesting that regional disparities influence outcomes.
Introduction: Influenza is linked to cardiovascular risks, such as myocardial infarction (MI), due to systemic inflammation. In Brazil, influenza vaccination is universal, but its population-level impact on cardiovascular outcomes remains understudied. Methods: An ecological study using secondary data (2009-2022) from Brazil’s five regions. Statistical models (beta and linear) assessed the association between vaccine coverage (doses/100,000 inhabitants) and in-hospital mortality, costs, length of stay, and hospitalization rates for MI/revascularization. Results: No significant association was found between vaccine coverage and mortality (MI: β = 4.8×10⁻⁶; p = 0.613; revascularization: β = 9.5×10⁻⁶; p = 0.576), length of stay, or hospitalization rates. Temporal reductions in MI mortality were significant (β = -0.0325; p < 0.001), likely tied to clinical advancements. Discussion: The lack of association contrasts with clinical trials [4], suggesting contextual factors (regional disparities, care quality) modulate outcomes. Conclusion: Influenza vaccination did not directly impact the analyzed outcomes, but integrated policies addressing regional disparities are critical for cardiovascular health.
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Martins et al. (2025) studied this question.
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