Predictors of Competitive Integrated Employment among Veterans Across State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation Programs: A National Analysis

Background Competitive Integrated Employment (CIE) is recognized as a crucial factor for improving economic, psychological, and physical well-being. However, limited research exists on the predictors of CIE outcomes for veterans with disabilities. Objective This study aims to identify demographic and service-related factors influencing CIE outcomes for veterans who received state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) services. Methods Data were sourced from the U.S. Department of Education's Rehabilitation Services Administration Case Service Report (RSA-911) for Fiscal Year 2021 (FY21). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine demographic characteristics and VR service patterns associated with CIE outcomes. Results Nearly 45% of participants achieved CIE. Receipt of services such as rehabilitation technology, job search assistance, and maintenance services significantly increased the odds of CIE, while receipt of supported employment services and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) at program exit were associated with reduced odd. Conclusion CIE outcomes for veterans in VR programs are influenced by demographic factors, service patterns, and financial support. Policymakers and practitioners should prioritize targeted interventions, including tailored VR services and support for younger veterans, to enhance CIE success.