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This is a Literature Review study.

September 12, 2025New Political EconomyOpen Access

The political economy of post-reproduction society

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This article argues that capitalism trends toward falling fertility rates, highlighting global competitiveness' role.

Falling fertility rates will not be reversed, leading to population shrinkage in many societies.
Historical materialist perspective reveals capitalism's structural tendency toward reduced fertility rates.
Identifies two processes since the 1960s: widening non-marital opportunities and global competitiveness.
Government responses to fertility challenges depend on socio-cultural politics and their global competitiveness stance.

Paul Cammack (2025) studied this question.

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