The impact of fibromyalgia: A cross-sectional examination across different life domains

Background: Fibromyalgia is a complex, multifactorial chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain. Its symptoms significantly impact patients’ quality of life, functional capacity, autonomy, and the ability to work or engage in leisure activities. Aims: Given the numerous hypotheses regarding the etiology of fibromyalgia, the difficulties faced by healthcare professionals in its diagnosis and management, and its substantial negative impact on the quality of life of those affected, this study aims to characterize the patient sample and assess the condition’s impact across various life domains. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with participants of both sexes, achieving a statistical power of 99%. Results: A higher prevalence of fibromyalgia was observed in individuals who reported being in a stable union (71.76%) and who possessed higher education (45.78%). The majority (56.47%) reported “very severe” pain. Significant differences were found in all evaluated domains: leisure, work, self-care, ability to exercise, functionality, and quality of life, indicating a significant deterioration following fibromyalgia diagnosis. Conclusion: The observed pattern of functional decline across various domains supports the allostatic load model of chronic pain and provides empirical evidence for the fear-avoidance model. Relevance for patients: Integrated treatments addressing physical and psychological aspects simultaneously may be, therefore, more effective.