Modeling the Thermal State of a Wind Turbine Generator Considering External Factors

This paper presents the mathematical modeling of the thermal state of a 1000 W wind turbine generator (WTG) integrated into a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) system, taking into account external environmental factors, mechanical losses, and the operation of the cooling system. The developed model considers the influence of ambient temperature, wind speed, air humidity, ventilation openings, radiator cooling, and mechanical losses. An analysis was conducted over a range of operating conditions from −20 °C to 50 °C, with wind speeds from 0.5 m/s to 15 m/s and air humidity from 10% to 90%. The nonlinear dependence of the winding temperature on these factors was investigated, and critical operating conditions leading to potential overheating were identified. It was found that high humidity (>70%) increases the winding temperature by 5–10% compared to low humidity (<30%). The developed model can be used to optimize cooling systems and improve the reliability of wind turbines in various climatic conditions. In addition, the proposed model is intended to be integrated into fault detection and diagnosis systems for wind turbines, enabling the identification of potential faults related to thermal overload.