This analysis demonstrates how spatial factors affect flood resilience in urban planning, suggesting improvements for better outcomes.
This study examines how spatial factors amplified the 2021 Bozkurt flood and whether post-disaster plans reduced them. Using field observations, interviews, and layered spatial analysis (slope, morphology, land use, hydrological overlays), the study applies the Disaster Resilience of Place (DROP) framework: exposure, inherent resilience, adaptive recovery. Four drivers emerge: narrow valley morphology with rapid runoff, enclosed tributaries, extensive impervious surfaces, and outdated or weakly enforced planning. Comparing the 2016 pre-disaster and 2023 revision plans shows partial gains (channel widening, reopened tributaries, arch bridges, debris traps), yet large residential clusters remain in mapped flood zones and roughly 75% of the stock sits below the crest-elevation rule, sustaining a resilience gap. There is also a disconnect between basin-scale strategies and statutory zoning. The study calls for anticipatory, water-sensitive planning that links nature-based solutions and green infrastructure to enforceable performance standards and coordinated upstream-downstream action.
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Bektaş et al. (2025) studied this question.
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