Cervicomediastinal Hematoma From Inferior Thyroid Artery Injury After Attempted Permanent Dialysis Catheter Placement Without Ultrasound Guidance

Permanent dialysis catheter (PDC) placement is a routine hospital procedure, but it may lead to rare and life-threatening complications. We present the case of a 41-year-old woman who developed hemomediastinum caused by injury to a branch of the inferior thyroid artery during internal jugular vein cannulation using anatomical landmarks. The patient developed neck swelling and respiratory symptoms shortly after the procedure. Diagnosis was confirmed via imaging, and successful hemostasis was achieved with transcatheter arterial embolization. This case highlights the importance of careful technique and prompt recognition of rare vascular injuries.