Neurotherapeutic Potential of Carbamazepine Carbon Nanodot-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles and MOF-5 in an Experimental Rat Model of Epilepsy

This study investigates the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) carbon nanodot functionalized silver nanoparticles (CBZ-CD@AgNP) and carbamazepine-loaded metal–organic frameworks (CBZ-CDs@MOFs) on the brain of male rats in an epilepsy model. In our study, 70 male Wistar albino rats aged 8–12 weeks were used. Experimental groups Control group, PTZ (Pentylenetetrazole) group, Carbamazepine 25 mg/kg group, Carbamazepine 50 mg/kg group, PTZ + Carbamazepine 25 mg/kg group, PTZ + Carbamazepine 50 mg/kg group, Carbamazepine 25 mg/kg + MOF group, Carbamazepine 50 mg/kg group + MOF group, PTZ + Carbamazepine 25 mg/kg group + MOF group, PTZ + Carbamazepine 50 mg/kg group + MOF group. Immunohistochemical analysis showed an increase in GRP78 expression in all CBZ-nanoparticle groups, indicating a protective effect. However, 25 mg/kg doses of both nanoparticles in PTZ-treated animals elevated TNF-α expression, suggesting a possible negative dose-dependent effect. TAS levels were significantly increased in the PTZ + CBZ-CDs@MOFs 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg groups, implying an antioxidant role for MOF particles. No significant changes were observed in TOS and MDA levels. This research underscores the therapeutic promise of nanomaterials in epilepsy management, paving the way for advanced treatments.