Indoor Environmental Quality in Schools through Thermo-Technical System Upgrades

Recent studies emphasize the importance of energy efficiency in public buildings, with particular attention to school facilities. While much research focuses on enhancing the thermal performance of building envelopes, it is equally crucial to analyze the indoor environment, especially thermal comfort. Since classrooms are designed for younger populations, ensuring optimal thermal conditions is essential for both well-being and productivity. Numerous studies indicate a strong correlation between thermal comfort and students' cognitive performance. This study examines the thermal comfort conditions in school built in the first half of the 20th century. Representative model of these buildings is analyzed using energy simulations in DesignBuilder software. The research assesses thermal comfort levels and energy efficiency before and after the modernization of heating systems. Specifically, the study evaluates the replacement of traditional heating systems with heat pumps, which offer greater energy efficiency and lower environmental impact. Findings suggest that upgrading heating systems has a moderate impact on thermal comfort but significantly reduces energy consumption. The results also highlight the necessity of integrating energy-efficient solutions in school renovations to enhance indoor conditions and sustainability. Future research should further explore the interplay between modern HVAC systems, air quality, and overall indoor comfort in educational spaces. By implementing sustainable heating solutions, school buildings can provide healthier learning environments while contributing to broader energy conservation goals.