@#%$!: The Impact of Officer Profanity on Civilians’ Perception of What Constitutes Reasonable Use of Force

Use of profane language by officers significantly decreases civilian perceptions of force as reasonable, even when the physical force itself does not change. Profanity 'swamps' context; that is, differences in perceived reasonableness between low- and high-force situations disappear when profanity is present. These results reinforce procedural justice theory, which emphasizes the importance of respectful and dignified treatment during police encounters. Police agencies should consider reinforcing anti-profanity policies and training, especially in use of force situations.