To Study RBC Indices in Patients of Diabetes Mellitus and It's Prognostic Significance in Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health crisis with growing prevalence, notably in low- and middle-income countries like India. It leads to numerous microvascular and macrovascular complications and alters hematological parameters. Among these, red blood cell (RBC) indices such as MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW are gaining attention for their diagnostic and prognostic significance in chronic diseases including DM. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between RBC indices and glycemic control and assess their prognostic relevance in diabetic patients at a tertiary care center. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Gajra Raja Medical College and associated hospitals in Gwalior from April 2023 to April 2025. Seventy-five diabetic patients, aged 15–80 years, were selected via purposive sampling. Hematological and biochemical investigations were performed, including Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, HbA1c, serum creatinine, and liver enzymes. ECG assessments were also conducted. Patients with confounding conditions affecting RBC indices were excluded. Statistical analysis included Pearson’s correlation and chi-square tests using SPSS 22.0. Results: The study found a significant association between poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.5%) and alterations in RBC indices. Elevated RDW and MCHC were common in patients with diabetic complications like nephropathy and retinopathy, indicating their potential as prognostic markers. Anemia was frequently observed, especially normocytic normochromic anemia, linked to reduced the erythropoietin production and chronic inflammation. Conclusion: RBC indices, especially RDW and MCHC, serve as accessible, cost-effective prognostic markers in diabetes mellitus. Regular evaluation of these indices can aid in early identification of complications and guide tailored treatment, thereby improving the clinical outcomes and quality of life in diabetic patients.